General Information
ACCOMODATION:
IAOTML UYGULAMA OTELI:
T.C. Milli Egitim Bakanligi Istanbul Anadolu
Otelcilik ve Turizm Meslek Lisesi Uygulama Oteli
Nispetiye Caddesi Etiler- Istanbul
Tel: +90-212-352 2100 (or 352 2101 , 352 2103)
Fax: +90-212-352 21 08
Until September 20, 2004 10 rooms
are reserved for the conference guests, please do contact the reception for reservation.
Single Room: 41300000TL ( around $28.00 ), Double Room: 50000000TL total (around
$34.00) VAT and breakfast included.
TRAVEL INFORMATION
Arrival:
The main airport in Istanbul is Ataturk airport. All the airplanes
that come from abroad land in this airport. From the airport, you may come to
Akmerkez Shopping Center by Havaş Shuttle Services (once in every two hours between
07.00- 23.00), and from Akmerkez you can take a taxi to the campus which is about
3 million TL. Also, you may come to Taksim by Havaş Shuttle Services (at 05:00
and 06:00a.m., and in every half-hour between 06:00 - 23:00 ), and from Taksim
you may take a taxi to the campus which is about 10 million TL. The ticket fee
of the Havas Shuttle services from Atatürk Airport to Akmerkez and Taksim are
8.5 million TL and 7.5 million TL., respectively. If you prefer to take directly
a taxi to the campus this will cost you about 30 million TL; after midnight it
costs %50 more in this case.
ISTANBUL PALACES TOPKAPI PALACE
On a finger of land at the confluence of the Bosphorus, the Golden
Horn and the Sea of Marmara stands the Topkapi Palace, that maze of buildings
that was the focal point of the Ottoman Empire between the 15th and 19th centuries.
Construction of New Palace (Topkap? Palace) is started after 1466, and completed
on 1478, a couple of years before the death of Fatih. This palace is not a building
like other European Palaces, and composed of various mansions and chambers. Initially
constructed Çinili Mansion is a Glass Palace and concluded on 1472. Mansion with
Middle East architecture character and two layers become Archeology Museum on
1875 and Turkish Islam Pieces of Art Museum on 1908. It is also opened as Fatih
Pieces of Art Museum on 1953. Çinili Mansion, Kubbealt? Arzodas? (Under Dome Submission
Room), Hasoda, Treasury, Pantries and Expeditionist like barracks, a part of kitchens,
patients room, hamam, now a library, A?alar Mosque, stables and other buildings'
construction is followed and finally structure is completed with the construction
of main gate at Sultanahmet direction, known as Bab - ? Humayun and Palace ramparts
on 1478. Palace residents, which were approximately 750 persons during Fatih period,
become more crowd and during XIXth century, it reached to 5000 during normal days
and extraordinary days like festivals 10.000. For this reason, new additions had
been made to this palace. Topkap? Palace Harem division is constructed between
1574 -1595 during IIIrd Sultan Murad period and then Harem residents in Bazay?t
had been moved to this place. Harem residents were 474 persons at the beginning
of XIXth century. There were Black Eunuch in Sultans Palace Chamber while entering
the Harem, and on the upper level of it, Prince's School for little princes. In
the course of time, Enderun School, Master Doctor's Room, Enderun Pharmacy, mansions
within internal courtyards and summer mansions at Sarayburnu coasts are constructed
in the Palace, kitchens and stables are widened, and new mosques and libraries
had been added. Opening hours: Daily 09.00 - 17.00, winter closed Tuesday.
DOLMABAHÇE PALACE
Built in the reign of Sultan I Abdulmecit during the 19th century,
this over-ornate palace lies along the European coast of the Bosphorus. Dolmabahce
Palace was constructed between 1843 and 1856, mixing different European artistic
influences and built by Abdulmecit's architect, Karabet Balya. It was built over
three levels, and symmetrically planned, with 285 chambers and 43 halls. It has
a 600m long pier along the river, with two huge monumental gates. The palace is
surrounded by well-maintained and immaculate gardens, with an immense 56-columned
greeting hall, with 750 lights illuminated from 4.5 tonnes of crystal chandelier.
The entrance was used for meeting and greeting Sultans, and opposite the ceremonial
hall was the harem. The interior decoration, furniture, silk carpets and curtains
all remain with little defect. The palace has a level of luxury not present in
most other palaces, with walls and ceilings decorated with gold, and European
art from the period. Top quality silk and wool carpets, southeast Asian hand-made
artifacts, and crystal candlesticks adorn every room. The men's hamam (public
bath) is adorned with alabaster marble, and the harem also contains the Sultan's
bedrooms and the women and servants' divisions. One of the highlights is the throne
room, which stands at an amazing 36-metres high - almost twice the height of the
rest of the rooms. The east wing is home to the Museum of Fine Arts. Telephone
number to book guided tours: (0212) 23 69 600 Opening hours: Daily 09.00 - 16.00,
except Monday and Thursday.
CIRAGAN PALACE
The most picturesque spots along the Bosphorus and Golden Horn
were reserved for the palaces and mansions for the Sultans, and other important
dignitaries, most of which have now gone. The huge palace was constructed by architect
Serkis Balyan in 1871, as appointed by Sultan Abdul Aziz, from the ruins of the
old palace. The interior was rebuilt, at a cost of four million gold coins, beginning
with covering the ceiling with wood and the walls with marble. The rooms were
decorated with rare carpets, furniture, gold and silver. The sides of the building
were decorated with coloured marble, and monumental gates connected it to Yildiz
Palace, via a bridge, which is how the harem women went between the two, in total
privacy. It briefly housed the Turkish Parliament from 1908, but was destroyed
by a fire two years later, and was only rebuilt in 1991. Now, it is Istanbul's
premier luxury hotel, and has retained something of its former glory.
BEYLERBEYI PALACE
Beylerbeyi, in which the Asian Tower of Bosphorus Bridge was constructed,
is a beautiful district allotted for palaces since the Byzantium era. Sultan Abdulaziz
built the Palace, to replace the older, wooden palace, between 1861 and 1865.
Eastern and Turkish motifs are used with Western design elements, on the sides
and for internal decoration, and the atmosphere is something resembling that of
Dolmabahce Palace. The building comprises of three floors, and contains 26 rooms
and six halls, which includes the harem and men's greeting rooms. The interior
is decorated with Bohemian chandeliers, valuable tiles and ceramic vases. Silver-edged
furniture and luxurious carpets add something to the beauty, and even till today
the authentic furniture, carpets, curtains and other property have been well preserved.A
huge pool, terraces and stables, face the back cliff. A road and tunnel, used
until 1970, passed under the palace garden and were used by the most distinguished
foreign dignitaries when visiting the palace. Open daily except Monday and Thursday.
YILDIZ PALACE
This vast park consists of mansions, gardens and lakes, the whole
area surrounded by high walls, and all set in a superb hillside location. Popular
at weekends and holidays with locals, it offers one of the few green areas within
the city centre, and is a great place for walking, relaxing and eating. There
is a steep walk up the hill from Ciragan Caddesi up to the first pavilion, but
rewards are cooling breezes and sweeping views of the Bosphorus. It was the centre
of the Ottoman Empire for 30 years, during the reign of Abdulhamid II, and the
second largest palace in Istanbul. Its main structure, Yildiz Palace, was built
in the old Ottoman style and the pavilions which are dotted around the park were
transformed into a power base. The most important remaining building is Sale Koske,
where receptions were held, and is the largest and most ornate and reveals the
luxury in which the sultans lived and entertained. The first section was modelled
on a Swiss Chalet, the second two completed in the late 19th century. Some of
the mansions are undergoing restoration, but Sale is open for visitors, and two
have terraces serving food and drinks. Further along the path is a State museum,
the Belediye Sehir Muzesi, and Yildiz Sarayi Theatre. Park: Open daily 09.00 -
17.30 Sale Kosku: Open daily 09.30 - 17.00, except Monday and Thursday. Museum:
Open daily 09.00 - 16.30, except Monday.
ISTANBUL MUSEUMS
ST.SOPHIA - AYASOFYA MUSEUM Aya Sophia was, for nearly a thousand
years, the largest enclosed space in the world, and still seen as one of the world's
most important architectural monuments. It is one of Turkey's most popular attractions,
drawn by the sheer spectacle of its size, architecture, mosaics and art. For 916
years it was a church, then a mosque for 481 years, and since 1935 has been a
museum. Thought to have been constructed by Emperor Konstantinos I (324 - 337)
it was burned down during a revolt. Rebuilt by Emperor Theodosium II, it was opened
for worship in 415 and once again was burned to the ground, during the Nika revolts
of 532. Emperor Iustanianus (527 - 565) wanted to construct something even bigger
than the original two and appointed architects Isidoros from Miletos, and Anthemios
from Tralles to build the Aya Sophia which still stands. Columns, heads, marble
and coloured stones were imported to Istanbul from ancient cities in Anatolia
for the purpose. The construction began on 23 December 532, and was completed
exactly five years later. The main, central section measured 100m x 70m, covered
with a 55m high dome which was a mammoth 30m in diameter - appearing to be a great
feat of design. The mosaics are of great importance, and the oldest ones are dominated
by geometric and plant motifs decorated with gold. The worst desecration of the
church was in 1204, ransacked by Catholic soldiers during the Fourth Crusade.
In 1453, after a failure of the Byzantine Church to fend off the Turks, Mehmet
the Conqueror captured the city, rode into Aya Sofia and immediately turned it
into a mosque. It was repaired several times, and Islamic ornamentation added,
for example an extract of the Koran by calligrapher Izzet Efendi inscribed on
the dome. The other reminders of its previous status as a mosque include huge
wooden plaques bearing the names of Allah, the Prophet Mohammed and the first
four caliphs. The marble and mosaics remain the most interesting aspects today.
The columns supporting the gallery are made from antique marble, and in the western
gallery is the green marble which marks the position of the throne of the Empress.
The impressive figurative mosaics include Virgin and Child flanked by two emperors,
dating back to the late 10th century, and one depicting Christ, the Virgin, and
St John the Baptists. Even though there is partial damage, the haunting images
on their faces remain as strong as ever. Opening hours: 09.30 - 16.30, daily except
Monday.
MUSEUM OF TURKISH AND ISLAMIC ART
Built in 1524 by ?brahim Pasa, the Grand Vizier to Suleyman the
Magnificent, this was originally a palace and the grandest private residences
in the Ottoman Empire - and one of the few which have survived. Some of it, however,
was destroyed and rebuilt in stone to the original designs in 1843. Now home to
the museum, this is considered one of the finest collections of Islamic art in
the world, with a superb display of ceramics, metalwork, miniatures, calligraphy
and textiles, as well as some of the oldest carpets in the world. Equally as impressive
is the grace of the building, with the central courtyard giving something of an
insight into the atmosphere of the residence. Opposite is the Great Hall, which
houses a collection of Turkish carpets, with exquisite antique carpets and kilims
and one of the finest collections in the world, the oldest exhibit dating back
to 13th century. Opening hours: 09.00 - 17.00, closed Mondays
YEREBATAN SARNICI (CISTERN)
Nearby Aya Sofia is the 6th century Byzantine underground Basilica
cistern, with 335 massive Corinthian columns supporting the immense chamber's
fine brick vaulting. This is one of several buried into the city's foundations,
and the first to have been excavated and renovated. Thought to have been built
in the 4th century by the emperor Constantine, then enlarged two centuries later,
it was supplied with water from Belgrade Forest, amd supplied it to the Great
Palace and Topkapi Palace. It fell into disuse and was then restored in 1987 with
the mud and water removed, and narrow raised pathways providing easy access for
visitors. It is the largest covered cistern in the city, measuring 140 by 70 metres.
Opening hours: 09.00 - 17.00 closed Tuesdays.
MOSAIC MUSEUM
The Mosaic Museum preserves in situ exceptionally fine 5th and
6th century mosaic pavements from the Grand Palace of the Byzantine emperors.
Because of the way they are exhibited, it is easy to understand their size and
scale especially because many of them can be viewed from a catwalk above. Opening
hours: 09.30 - 17.00, closed Tuesdays.
KARIYE MUSEUM
This is actually Kariye Mosque, once the 11th century church of
St Saviour in Chora, is considered to be the most important Byzantine monument
in Istanbul, after Aya Sofia. Whilst unremarkable in its architecture, the interior
walls are decorated with superb 14th century mosaics. Illustrating scenes from
the life of Christ and the Virgin Mary, these brilliantly colored paintings embody
the vigour of Byzantine art. The restored wooden houses in the surrounding area
are a good place for relaxation and refreshment. The church was probably built
in the early 12th century, of which only the nave and central apse remain. Theodore
Metochites rebuilt it between 1316 and 1321, the same years from which the mosaics
and frescoes date, which depict the life of Christ in picture-book fashion. There
is a series of mosaics in the form of devotional panels in the narthexes, the
theme of which is reflected in the frescoes in the nave and funerary chapel. Opening
hours: 09.30 - 16.30, closed Wednesdays.
MILITARY MUSEUM
Highlight of this museum is definitely the Mehter Takimi, the
Ottoman military band, which performs every afternoon between 15.00 - 16.00. It
also has a good collection of Ottoman military memorabilia, like the cotton and
silk tents used by the sultans at war, and armour and weaponry like heavily decorated
jambiyah daggers. The band, which originated in 1289, became an institution which
came to symbolise the power and independence of the Ottoman empire, and these
musicians, who were janissaries, always accompanied the Sultans into battle. But
quite apart from their benefit on the battlefield, they came to create new musical
styles in Europe, and even influencing Mozart and Beethoven. Opening hours: 09.00
- 17.00, closed Mondays and Tuesdays.
RAHMI KOÇ INDUSTRY MUSEUM
The museum is set in an Ottoman-period building, an 18th century
factory which produced anchors and their chains. It was recently converted, although
has retained many of its original features, and restored by Rahmi Koc, one of
Turkey's most powerful industrialists. It was essentially done so he could house
his private collection of models, machines and vehicles which he had collected
from all over Europe, and exhibits include original penny-farthing bicycles, a
ship's bridge, and an engine from the Kalender steam ferry. The museum is trying
to raise the Australian navy's first submarine sink of gallipoli in World War
I. Opening hours: 10.00 - 17.00, closed Mondays
MOSQUES IN ISTANBUL BLUE MOSQUE
This mosque was built by Sultan Ahmet I during 1609-1616 in the
square carrying his name in ?stanbul. The architect is Sedefhar Mehmet A?a. It
is the only mosque in Turkey with six minarets. The mosque is 64 x 72 m in dimensions.
The central dome is 43 m in height and is 33.4 m in diameter. 260 windows surround
the mosque. Due to its beautiful blue, green and white tilings it has been named
the "Blue Mosque" by Europeans. The inscriptions were made by Seyyid Kas?m Gubari.
The interior furnishings of Sultan Ahmet Camii are typical of those of the other
imperial mosques in Istanbul.The most important element in the interior of any
mosque is the mihrab, a niche set into the center of the wall opposite the main
entrance.The purpose of the mihrab is to indicate the kible, the direction of
the holy city Mecca, toward which the faithful mast face when they perform their
prayers.In the great mosques of Istanbulthe mihrab is invaribly quite grand, with
the niche itself made of finely carved and sculptured marble and the adjacent
wall sheathed in ceramic tiles.To the right of the mihrab we see the mimber, or
pulpit, where the imam stands when he is delivering his sermon at the time of
noon prayer on Fridays or on holy days.The mosque is flooded with light from its
260 windows. These were once filled with colored glass which would have tempered
the too-crude brightness; now they are slowly being replaced with modern immitations.The
painted arebesquesin the domes and upper parts of the building are less good than
examples of this type of decoration from 16th and 17th century, when they were
reachly elaborate in design and somberly magnificiant in color
SULEYMANIYE MOSQUE AND KULLIYE
The cascading domes and four slender minarets of the Imperial
Suleymaniye Mosque dominate the skyline on the Golden Horn's west bank. Considered
the most beautiful of all imperial mosques in Istanbul, it was built between 1550
and 1557 by Sinan, the renowned architect of the Ottoman Empire's golden age.
Erected on the crest of a hill, the building is conspicuous for its great size,
emphasized by the four minarets that rise from each comer of the courtyard. Inside
are the mihrab (prayer niche showing the direction to Mecca) and the mimber (pulpit)
made of finely carved white marble and exquisite stained-glass windows coloring
the incoming streams of light. It was in the gardens of this complex that Suleyman
and his wife, Hurrem Sultan (Roxelane), had their mausolea built, and near here
also Sinan built his own tomb. The mosque complex also includes four medreses,
or theological schools, a school of medicine, a caravanserai, a Turkish bath,
and a kitchen and hospice for the poor.
EYUP SULTAN MOSQUE
It is the first mosque constructed in Istanbul after conquer.
It is constructed on 1458 by Fatih Sultan Mehmet, together with mausoleum. Today's
mosque is the mosque constructed under supervision of HUseyin Efendi with demolishing
the former mosque until to its base on 1800.
FATIH MOSQUE
The Imperial Fatih Mosque, constructed between 1462 and 1470,
bears the name of the Ottoman conqueror of Istanbul, Fatih Sultan Mehmet, and
is the site of his mausoleum. Standing atop another of Istanbul's hills, its vast
size and great complex of religious buildings - medreses, hospices, baths, a hospital,
a caravanserai and a library make it well worth a visit.
BEYAZIT MOSQUE
It is at the square, which is mentioned with its name. This great
mosque and ?ts kulliye, (theology school, school, imaret, caravansary and hamam),
is constructed by son of Fatih, II. Bayezit on 1501 - 1506. It has two minarets
which are 87 meters away from each other. Plan of the Bayaz?t Mosque is similar
to Hagia Sophia. But it is separated from it with especially a perfect architectural
application which includes a different characteristic having worship order of
a culture.
SEHZADE MOSQUE
It is at Sarachane across the Minicipality Palace. Kanuni, ordered
Mimar Sinan to construct a mosque in memory of his 1543 died son, Mehmet, and
construction strated on 1544, had completed on 1548. Mosque, which is at the city
center, is in the middle of a complex composed of theology schools, mausoleums,
tabhane and imaret.
NURUOSMANIYE MOSQUE
It is at the Nuruosmaniye entrance of closed bazaar. Construction
this mosque is commenced by I. Mahmut on 1748, and completed on 1755 during III.
Osman due to his death.
SOKULLU MEHMET PASA MOSQUE
It is at Kad?rga. It is constructed to Mimar Sinan on 1671 by
III. Selim's daughter, Esmehan Sultan, in memory of her husband, Vizier Mehmet
Pa?a. Inside of the mosque is adorned with the most beautiful tiles of the period
till to the feet of the dome. Balcony cone is also tiled.
BEZM - I ALEM VALIDE SULTAN (Dolmabahce) MOSQUE
As it is understood from the inscription of Poet Ziver on the
courtyard's door, Valide Sultan had started the construction of the mosque, and
her son AbdUlmecit had completed it on 1853. On 1848, its siege ramparts are removed
and a naval museum is established within the mosque
TOWERS IN ISTANBUL LEANDER'S TOWER
Considered to be symbolic of Istanbul, this tiny tower was established
on a small island at the entrance of the Bosphorus. In the past, it was used as
a watchtower and a lighthouse, until its present purpose of a tourist attraction.
Western sources describe this as Leander's Tower, who was drowned while swimming,
to reach his lover Hera. Another story suggests that it was a tower where an emperor's
daughter put her there for security, having dreamt that she would be bitten by
a snake.
GALATA TOWER
The tower was built by the Genoese in 1348, during their occupation
of the area, primarily to prevent attacks. Originally known as the Tower of Christ,
it stood above the fortification surrounding the Genoese city-state. There is
a spiral rock staircase which ascends to the top viewing platform, which today
offers visitors spectacular 360 degree panorama of the entire city. The tower
was restored in 1967, and an elevator was installed to offer a less tiring alternative
to the steep climb. There is also a restaurant on the top floor.
BEYAZIT TOWER
Within the grounds of the central building of Istanbul's University
(formerly the palace of Mehmet the Conqueror) this wooden tower was built for
fire watchers, and remains a landmark throughout the city. Mahmud II demolished
it in order to construct a better one, and according to the inscription, he ordered
a rock-filled tower in 1828 to be built by the Ministry of Defense. The monument
is 50m high, and from the upper landing, accessible via wooden staircase, offers
a superb overview of the city.
BAZAARS IN ISTANBUL
Shopping in Istanbul is often a huge part of any visit, and the
city's famous historical bazaars offer a wonderful insight into city life. Whether
shopping for carpets, spices, vegetables or clothes, the process of making your
purchase is likely to be enhanced by the atmosphere of wandering through the crowded
stalls - and of course haggling. As usual when bargaining with persuasive shop
owners, have an idea of a good price before you start.
GRAND BAZAAR
The oldest and biggest closed bazaar in the world, also known
as the Grand Bazaar, has around 4000 shops and over 60 alleyway, covering a huge
labyrinth in the city centre. The original two structures, covered with a series
of domes and remains of the 15th century walls, became a shopping area by covering
the surrounding streets and adding to it over the following centuries. In Ottoman
times this was the centre of trading, and a vital area of town. The Sandal Bedesten
was added during Suleyman's reign, to cope with the rising trade in fabrics, during
the 16th century. Traditionally the more valuable goods were in the old central
area, called Ic Bedesten, because it was more secure. As quite typical of the
area, most streets are laid out and devoted to a particular trade, for example
gold on Kuyumcular Caddesi, leather on Bodrum Han, and shoes on Kavaflar Sokak.
But the trade has also spilled out onto the surrounding streets, and it is very
common to see Russian traders buying up huge sacks of leather jackets or shoes
outside the main entrance. Even the streets leading to the Golden Horn are lined
with outdoor stalls, which have traditionally been controlled by strict trading
laws to reduce competition between traders. Apart from the usual shops selling
clothes, textiles, jewellry and carpets, there are small workshops where craftsmen
cast and beat silver or brass, in a skilled trade handed down through the generations.
If all that shopping, bargaining and fending off persuasive salesmen is a little
too tiring, there are also traditional cafes dotted inside the bazaar in which
to relax, eat and sip tea. There are also money-changing booths inside and out.
It is slightly less crowded during weekdays, as most locals shop at weekends.
EGYPTIAN BAZAAR
Also known as the Spice Market, this is Istanbul's second bazaar,
constructed in the same complex as Yeni Camii (or New Mosque). There are six gates,
which make it an attractive exterior. The L-shaped market, together with the mosque,
were built for the mother of Mehmet IV, a powerful woman who ruled the harem and,
some would say, much of the empire. Although no longer the prime spice trading
area of the city, there is still the aroma of ginger, cardamom, pepper and saffron
from the piles of spices sold from many stalls. These days it is also popular
for great varieties of lokum (turkish delight), small souvenirs, flavoured teas
and local delicacies - including the dubious sounding "Turkish Viagra". Locals
come here to shop for bed linen and towels, as well as for fruit and vegetables,
coffee, clothes, pots and pans in the surrounding cramped backstreets. Outside
the market on the Galata Bridge end, is this is the best place to choose olives
from huge barrels, and many varieties of beyaz penir (white cheese).
COPPER SMITHS BAZAAR
Lesser known and smaller, but nonetheless just as interesting
is this market in Beyazit, under the north and east walls of Istanbul University.
Copper is beaten and produced into many shapes, sizes and forms, and shops sell
cauldrons, saucepans, buckets, candlesticks and the like.
FLEA MARKETS
Away from the classical, historical markets which have always
attracted tourists, there are many flea and street markets around the city, usually
consisting of streets of junk shops. As usual, getting a real quality bargain
is often down to luck, but it is still an interesting way to shop. Cukurcuma Sokak
is the central point of streets of shops selling old wooden furniture, antiques,
and books, near the Galatasaray Hamam off Istiklal Caddesi. Uskudar's Bit Pazari
is on Buyuk Hama Sokak, and in Kadikoy, Ozelli Sokak sells mainly furniture. Horhor
market, behind Aksaray mosque, is famous for antiques, selling rare Ottoman furniture.
The Entel, or Intellectual Market in Ortakoy sells arts, craft and antiques, music
cassettes and books, and is open every Sunday and usually very crowded. Besiktas
Pazar is open every Sunday, a warren of streets near Sair Nedim Caddesi, sells
bargain clothes. Terkoz Cikmaz, next to the Pasabahce glass store off Istiklal
Caddesi, has bargain designer clothes, factory seconds or overruns from France,
England and Germany at rock-bottom prices. Sahaflar Carsisi is near a flea market,
and specialises in second hand books .
HISTORY OF ISTANBUL
Although no ancient findings are faced within the historical
city; ruins found during the excavations performed in the Golden Horn region of
city and at Asian side are showing that first settlement in the region is reaching
till to third millennium B. C. Acropolis of the city, mentioned as Byzantion was
at the area where today's Topkap? Palace is present. Golden Horn, has a port which
is still used today. A stronghold starting from here was surrounding the city
and reach to Marmara Sea. Byzantion, while continuing to its life as a port and
a trade city during Roman Empire period, it is conquered and demolished by a Roman
Emperor, Septimus Severius after a siege exceeding two years which begin on 191
A. D. The city which is fully re - constructed by same Emperor, is widened and
re - equipped. During 4th century A. D., Roman Empire had been expanded too much,
and Istanbul is selected as the new capital city instead of Roma by Emperor Great
Constantine due to its strategic position. City is re - organized within a period
of exceeding 6 years, its ramparts are widened and lots of temples, official buildings,
palaces, hamams and hippodrome is constructed. With great ceremonies, performed
on 330, city's being the capital city of the Roman Empire is officially announced.
During the period when Near Age had begun, the city which is also known as Second
Rome and New Rome, is then named as "Byzantion" and Constantinople in the late
eras. Name of the city is mentioned as "Polis" among the public in the course
of time. It is seen that efforts of making city beautiful of the emperors after
Great Constantine is continuing. First churches within the city are constructed
after Constantine. Istanbul remain the capital city of Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine)
for a long period due to the fall down of West Roman Empire on 5th century. The
city, which is re - constructed during Byzantium period are re - widened with
ramparts. Today, 6492 m. long magnificent city ramparts are constructed by Emperor
II. Theodosius. In the city, whose population is exceeding half million on 6th
century, one more golden age is lived under Emperor Justinyen reign. Famous Hagia
Sophia, which remained till today, is the piece of art of this Emperor. Byzantium
Empire and capital city Istanbul's latter history is full of palace and church
intrigues, Iran and Arab attacks and frequently changing emperor families' bloody
fights. Latin reign, which is a dark age between 726 - 842, had begun with the
conquer of city by Crusaders on 1204, 4th Crusade, and city is raided for years
till to the all churches and monasteries as well as monuments. The city, whose
reign is passed to Byzantium again on 1261, did not gain its former richness again.
City is conquered by Turks on 1453 after a 53 days siege. Gargantuan canons, used
for the first time in the war history by Fatih Sultan Mehmet, are reasons of surpass
of Istanbul ramparts. Capital city of Ottoman Empire had moved to this place,
population of the city is increased with the immigrants, imported from various
parts of the country, and public improvement studies of the desert and demolished
city had been commenced. Religious freedom and social rights are given to the
former residents of the city, and let them to continue their lives. Patriarchate,
which is the head of Christian Orthodox Church, remains till today due to the
rights given by Fatih. Turkish art stigmatized the city one century after conquer,
and domes and minarets have reigned the panorama of the city. Beginning from the
16th century, due to being Ottoman Rulers Caliph at the same time, Istanbul also
become the center of Islamic world.ulers Caliph at the same time, Istanbul also
become the center of Islamic world. City is fully improved under the reigns of
Sultans, and gain a miracle atmosphere. There are frequent fires, which demolishes
wide areas within the colorful pages of Istanbul history in this period. Sultan
Palace, which is constructed in former acropolis, is reigning the unique panorama
of Bosporus and Golden Horn. After denser connections with Western world, beginning
from 19th century, mosques and palaces begun to be constructed to Bosporus coasts
with European architecture style. Lots of palaces, constructed within a short
period of time, are also the symbols of the falling down period. Istanbul, was
one of the witnesses of another world empire, conclusion of the I. World War.
While empire is divided, and internal and foreign enemies were fighting for their
shares, a noble commander of the Turkish army had entered into a struggle for
Turkish nation. This Mustafa Kemal named national hero, after Independence War
exceeding 4 years, republic of Turkey is established on 1923 by him. Moving the
capital city to Ankara, did not change the importance of Istanbul. This unique
city is continuing to its life with its charming appearance.
ISTANBUL THE BOSPHORUS
The Bosphorus, which connects Marmara Sea and Black Sea, is one
of the most exquisite places in the world, with a width of maximum 3.200 m and
minimum 550 m, maximum depth of 118 m and its length is 31,5 km. It was naturally
formed at the beginning of the IVth Geological Era as the sea water occupied the
deep valley. During the ages of Byzantine and Ottoman Empire small settlements
Cropped up at both shores of Bosphorus and it was very much esteemed by the sultans
and pashas where they built their kiosks and "yali"s (water-side residences) as
of the 18th century. Wearing effect of time caused the wooden buildings demolish
and they were replaced with new ones. In place of the wooden Besiktas Palaces
there appeared the Dolmabahçe Palace and also Beylerbeyi Palace was rebuilt while
stone buildings like Goksu were built and gave the Bosphorus its final outlook.
With its architecture matching its natural delights the Bosphorus reached and
incomparable beauty. The buildings embroidering the shores of free-flowing waters,
being embraced by a green background as a whole offer a view of unceasing delight.
Such a wonderful cruise will provide unforgettable memories. For this to attend
a trip with a tourist ferry taking off from the Eminonu Jetty will suffice. If
you have the opportunity to take part in one of the private boat cruises or yachts,
the trip will be even more delightful. Our tourist ferry will start leaving Topkapi
Palace, St. Sophia and Suleymaniye Mosque behind. The Karakoy Jetty will be crossed
arriving in front of Tophane. Here we see the Nusretiye Mosque, built by Sultan
Mahmut II in Empiric style in 1825. The lead-covered mosque behind this mosque
is a work of Mimar Sinan, who dedicated it to Kiliç Ali Pasha. Passing Findikli
and the very lively Kabatas Jetty, the Dolmabahçe Palace appears with its mosque
and Clock Tower. The mosque was dedicated to Sultan Abdulmecit's mother, Bezm-ialem
Valide Sultan and was built by Mimar Karabet Balyan in 1853. The Clock Tower between
the mosque and the palace is 27 m high, and was built by Mimar Serkis Balyan in
1890 during Sultan Abdulhamit's reign. The palace built by Karabet Balyan by the
order of Sultan Abdulmecit between the years 1843-1856 is 284 m long, and it is
an ornament to the Bosphorus. The palace has three stories consisting of the men's
part, entertainment hall and the harem. The separate premises next to the palace
used to be the crown prince's residence and today serves as the Paintings and
Statues museum. Our tourist boat will steer to the Barbaros Hayrettin Pasha Jetty
named after the famous Turkish sailor. A bit further there is the Naval Museum
where the imperial boats of the Ottoman era are displayed. Behind the jetty, Barbaros
tomb designed by Sinan and Sinan Pasha mosque, dating back to 1553, are visible.
Past the State Guest House, the Çiragan Palace offers a magnificent view. Sultan
Abdulaziz spent very little time in this palace which he ordered to be built by
Serkis Balyan between the years 1863-1867, while Sultan Murad IV lived here for
28 years. After 1909 the palace was used as Meclis-i Mebusan (Parliament) building
and was destroyed by a fire on January 20, 1919. It was restored in recent years
and is functioning today together with an adjoining hotel. The green background
to the Çiragan Palace belongs to Yildiz Park. Here takes place the Yildiz Palace
with the sale (Chalet) Kiosk which was opened as museum and the Çadir and Malta
kiosks which were recently restored and are being used as cafés. After the Çiragan
Palace, the Ortakoy Mosque can be seen with its lean minarets and exquisite craftsmanship.
Passing this mosque which Sultan Abdulmecit ordered to be built by Karabet Balyan
in 1854 in Baroque style, we see the wooden "yali"s which Sultan Abdulhamid II
gave to his daughters and they sail under the bridge, a 20th century symbol. The
bridge which connects Europe and Asia is 1074 m long and was opened to traffic
in 1973. Then comes Kuruçesme. Here, we see the Galatasaray Island, covering a
1499 sq.m. area. The few remaining castles in the midst of green gardens offer
an unique view. Arnavutkoy's architecture of adjoining buildings is different
from the rest. Then we come to the pearl of the Bosphorus, the Bebek Bay. With
its yachts, houses and green hinterland, Bebek is the most elegant district of
Istanbul. At the seaside, adjoining the park, the building of the Egyptian Consulate
built in Art Nouveau style can be seen. This building was dedicated to the mother
of Abbas Hilmi Pasha, Governor of Egypt. A bit further there is the Bebek Mosque
built by Mimar Kemalettin between the years 1910-1913. The Kavafyan House dating
back to 1751 and the Bosphorus University surrounded by green scenery seem to
look down at the Bebek Bay. After Bebek, our boat steers to Rumelihisari. Here
we get face to face with the magnificent Sultan Mehmed Bridge looking like the
second collier of the Bosphorus.The view of Rumelihisari embracing the sea seems
to melt into the silhouette of the bridge. Before conquering Istanbul, Sultan
Mehmet the Conqueror ordered Rumelihisari to be built opposite to Anadoluhisari
in 1452 to safeguard the Bosphorus. The big tower next to the door was built by
Sadrazam Çandarli Halil Pasha, the towers to the north by vizier Saruca Pasha,
and the tower to the south by Zaganos Pasha.This magnificent monument was finished
in 4 months prior to the conquering of Istanbul. The building on top of the Hisar
surrounded by parks belonged to the famous Turkish poet Tevfik Fikret and today
is referred to as Asiyan Museum. Sailing to Baltalimani, we see a building used
as hospital today which was built by the order of Buyuk Resit Pasha and given
to Princess Fatma as gift. After Baltalimani, we reach Emirgan. We see the Serifler
Yalisi, which was built in 1635 by serif Abdulillah Pasha. This "yali" was originally
intended as summerhouse and the part remaining to be seen today is the men's castle.The
green hills belonging to Emirgan Park, some historical castles in this park have
been restored and are now being used for touristic purposes. After Emirgan with
lots of green parks our ferry passes a bay in ‹Istinye and reaches Yenikoy where
shores are adorned by "yali"s. The Afif Pasha Yalisi is striking with its exquisite
craftsmanship.One "yali" built in Yenikoy by Abbas Halim Pasha, Governor of Egypt
in the 19th century is known by the name of his brother Sadrazam Sait Halim Pasha.
On the other side of the jetty we can see the Faik and Bekir Beyler yali's, the
Kalkavanlar Yalisi and many others. The Italian Consulate is also an interesting
architectural building. Past Yenikoy and sailing towards Tarabya, the view is
enhanced by the Kalender Orduevi (army-house), Huber Pasha Yalisi and Tarabya
Grand Hotel. In Buyukdere, one of the yali's was bought by the Koç family and
converted into the Sadberk Hanim Museum. Today the archaeology and ethnography
sections of this museum are noteworthy. Sariyer and Rumelikavagi are known for
their cheap and fresh fish restaurants.Opposite Rumelikavagi takes place Anadolukavagi.
The boat stays here for two hours.After eating fish at Rumelikavagi, the sightseeing
continues at the other side of the Bosphorus. First we view the Beykoz Pavilion.
This pavilion amidst a green park was built by Mehmet Ali Kavalali, Governor of
Egypt and given as a gift to Sultan Abdulmecit in 1854. Then we steer to Pasabahçe
where the Bottle, Glass and Raki factories are situated and pass Çubuklu where
on top of a hill we see the Kuleli building and the Hidiv Pavilion.Being built
by Abbas Hilmi Pasha, Khedive of Egypt this castle has been restored in recent
years and now is used for touristic purposes. After Çubuklu we pass the poetic
Kanlica bay and arrive in Anadoluhisari. This Hisar (castle) was built in 1395
by Yildirim Beyazit. The oldest yali between Kanlica-Anadoluhisari is the Amcazade
Huseyin Pasha Yalisi. From this red vaccine painted yali dating back to 1699,
there remains only the Divan house today. The ceiling plated with gold and flower
panel-covered walls are very interesting.They were restored recently. Another
Yali in Kanlica is the Etem Pertev Yalisi, a wooden embroidery which stood up
to the year by preserving its original outlook. Still another striking yali is
the red painted Hekimbasi Salih Efendi Yalisi between Kanlica and Anadolu Hisari.
This Yali consists of one-floor, two-floor and three-floor premises and was built
by Sultan Abdulmecit's Chief Physician Salih Efendi in 1848. Sailing past Hisar,
the Kuçuksu Pavilion near the Kuçuksu Stream displays an exquisite stone craftsmanship.
It was ordered to be built as a three-story building by Sultan Abdulmecit in 1856.
The interior part is decorated with elegant pencil drawings. The graceful fountain
in front of the pavilion, built in Empiric style, was dedicated to Sultan Selim
III's mother Princess Mihrisah in 1806. When our boat reaches Kandilli, we see
the Count Ostrorog Yalisi with a background of green forest. This red-painted
yali with plenty of windows was built by a Polish count.The count arrived in Istanbul
in 1900 and became a legal adviser to the Ottoman Empire. Next to this yali is
the Mehmet Emin Pasha Yalisi, which has a long frontage towards the sea and was
built by Mehmet Emin Pasha who became Governor of Aleppo in 1850 and later a Grand-Vizier.Between
Kandilli and Çengelkoy, we see the Kuleli Askeri Lisesi (Military School) a stone
building with long frontage, dating back to 1863. A bit further to the jetty in
Çengelkoy we can see the red vaccine painted Sadullah Pasha Yalisi.Built in the
18th century, this building passed from hand to hand until it was acquired by
Sadullah Pasha in 19th century and became known under his name. The original drawings
in the oval room of this two story building are striking. When our boat comes
to the vicinity of Beylerbeyi Jetty, we can see next to the jetty the mosque built
by Sultan Abdulhamid I for his mother Princess Rabia in 1778. Then we are face
to face with the magnificence of Beylerbeyi Palace which contrasts with the Bosphorus
bridge.It was built as a summer palace by architect Serkis Balyan upon the order
of Sultan Abdulaziz between the years 1861-1865. It has three floors consisting
of men's (selamlik) and women's (harem) divisions. The furniture is an example
of that time. In the upper part of the wide garden are three kiosks known as Yellow,
Marble and Stable kiosks. Past Beylerbeyi the Fethi Ahmet Pasha Yalisi in Kuzguncuk
known as "Pink Yali" was built in the 18th century. In Uskudar we see a mosque
built by Architect Sinan for Kanuni Sultan Suleyman's daughter Princess Mihrimah
at the jetty place that dates back to 1548 and at the shore there is the Semsi
Pasha Mosque built by the same architect in 1580. Not far from here is the Kiz
Kulesi (Maiden's Tower), one of the symbols of Istanbul. The tower was erected
on rocks at 180 m. distance to the shore in 1718 after the Byzantine original
collapsed. We now finish our trip between the historical monuments of the most
beautiful passage in the world. This tour amongst nature and history will provide
you unforgettable memories.
ISTANBUL USEFUL INFORMATION Important Phone Numbers in
Istanbul
HEALTH & HOSPITALS
There are no serious health risks associated with travel to Turkey. No vaccinations
are required for entry. Tap water is heavily chlorinated. Bottled water, bottled
sparkling mineral water or carbonated mineral water are also abundant.In the hospitals
mentioned below, you are offered an excellent service and consultation with English
speaking doctors.
AMERICAN HOSPITAL 0212 231 40 50 (20 lines)
AUSTRIAN SAINT GEORGE HOSPITAL 0212 243 25 90
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE HOSPITAL 0212 224 49 50 (15 lines)
GERMAN HOSPITAL 0212 293 21 50
INTERNATIONAL HOSPITAL 0212 663 00 00 (30 lines)
ITALIAN HOSPITAL 0212 249 97 51-52
MIDDLE EAST HOSPITAL 0216 37139 90-91
TAKSIM HOSPITAL 0212 252 43 00
VATAN HOSPITAL 0212 534 86 00 (10 lines)
EMERGENCY NUMBERS
EMERGENCY 112
FIRE 110
FOREST FIRE 177
POLICE HELP 155
GENDARME 156
COAST SECURITY 158
TRAFFIC 154
TOURISM 170
SECURITY 174
PUBLIC AND SOCIAL SERVICES NUMBERS
International Operator 115
Directory Assistance 118
Postal Code 119
Phone Breakdown 121
Pay Phone Breakdown 122
Telex Breakdown 123
Data Breakdown 124
Radio-TV Breakdown 125
Long Distance Calls 131
Toll Operator 131
Call Waiting 131
Paging Operator 133
Message Centre 134
Wake Up Service 135
Fono Tel 141
Teletext 144
Postal Services 169
Health Information 184
Water Breakdown 185
Electricity Breakdown 186
Gas Breakdown 187
Funeral Services 187
Tax Information 189
Governor Switchboard Tel:+90 (212) 514 17 50
Governor Public Relations Tel:+90 (212) 528 39 32
Istanbul Police Department Tel:+90 (212) 635 00 00
Meteorology Tel:+90 (216) 355 23 05
